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One evening in January, hundreds of people eagerly crowded into the pews of the Calvary Baptist Church in Dothan, Ala., to hear about a new threat to America: the Common Core State Standards.

The star attraction was David Barton, one of the evangelical right鈥檚 leading luminaries and a self-taught 鈥渉istorian鈥� who promotes the view that the United States was founded as a Christian nation that should be ruled by biblical principles. Joined by figures from the state鈥檚 Republican Party, the state school board and Tea Party groups, Barton rattled off a litany of criticisms of the Common Core鈥攃omplaints that are stirring outrage among the conservative grassroots and threatening to derail the bipartisan, business-backed effort to create a single set of standards for what children in America鈥檚 public schools should be able to do at each grade level.

To hear Barton tell it, the Common Core is another move by 鈥減rogressives鈥� to ruin public education. He traces the beginning of education鈥檚 downhill trajectory to U.S. Supreme Court rulings in the early 1960s that outlawed school-sanctioned prayer and Bible readings. Now, through the Common Core, he claims, progressives want to force-feed liberal dogma to children, taking schools even further away from teaching through the lens of Christian fundamentalism. Progressives, he contends, want 鈥渢he kids to rely on the government for their knowledge and help.鈥� Even homeschooled children will suffer, because they won鈥檛 be able to perform well on new college entrance exams aligned with the Common Core. 鈥淭his is not education, it鈥檚 political indoctrination,鈥� Barton said.

Troy Towns, the minority outreach director for the Alabama Republican Party and a panelist at the church meeting, was blunter. 鈥淲hen I heard the word 鈥榗ommon鈥� [as in Common Core], the first thing I thought of was communism,鈥� he said to a roar of approval. 鈥淚t鈥檚 the government taking over everything, controlling the way you think, what you do, education, health care.鈥�

Even personal religious beliefs are under attack by the Common Core鈥攁t least according to a high school student at the meeting, who claimed she was required to read a book that 鈥渢alks about how you should be a Buddhist instead of a Christian.鈥� (In reality, nothing in the Common Core promotes any particular religion over any other.)

Scenes like this are playing out in hundreds of churches, statehouse hearing rooms and other venues across the country as the Christian Right and other conservative activists attack the Common Core as a liberal plot to turn public schools into anti-American, anti-God indoctrination camps that churn out submissive automatons who will unquestioningly serve the interests of the government and big business. The irony of the anti-America charge is that the only required texts named in the Common Core standards are the Declaration of Independence, the Preamble to the Constitution, the Bill of Rights, and Lincoln鈥檚 Second Inaugural Address.

Until recently, few outside the education community had ever heard of the Common Core, a set of standards for English language arts/literacy and math. Developed under the auspices of the National Governors Association and the Council of Chief State School Officers, they were adopted voluntarily by 45 states, although Indiana recently pulled out. Teachers have begun to adjust their instruction accordingly.

Now, thanks to a committed group of activists and the backing of powerful conservative advocacy groups, the Common Core has become a political touchstone鈥攁 rallying cry for the Christian Right and many activists associated with the radical right.

This fight comes at a time when the public school system has already been weakened by deep funding cuts, vitriolic political attacks on teachers and their unions, and state efforts to privatize schools through vouchers, charter schools and other 鈥渟chool choice鈥� measures.

Legitimate issues obscured

To be sure, criticism of the Common Core鈥攚hich is backed by the Obama administration and funded, in part, by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation鈥攊s coming from all points on the political spectrum and from some leading education experts. Critics have raised important issues that should be thoroughly debated, such as: whether the standards were adequately tested; whether we can have great education that isn鈥檛 simply 鈥渢eaching to the test鈥�; whether there has been ample time for implementation and teacher training; and, significantly, whether it鈥檚 wise to evaluate teachers on the results of Common Core-aligned tests.

But these and other issues are being obscured by a cloud of fear-mongering propaganda and extremist hyperbole. The attacks from the far right stand apart from the legitimate criticism because of their incendiary language, their apocalyptic warnings, and their reliance on distortions, outright falsehoods and antigovernment conspiracy theories.

Eagle Forum founder Phyllis Schlafly, for example, blasts the Common Core for its supposed 鈥渁ctive promotion of gay marriage.鈥� Glenn Beck calls it 鈥渃ommunism鈥� and 鈥渆vil.鈥� The John Birch Society claims the standards are the work of globalists 鈥渨orking quietly but fiendishly鈥� to produce 鈥済reen global serfs鈥� to serve a looming New World Order. The Birch-affiliated Freedom Project calls the Common Core an 鈥渁bsolute appropriation of Soviet ideology and propaganda鈥� and says it is 鈥渕ainstreaming 鈥� homosexuality, promiscuity and other practices.鈥� An Eagle Forum leader links the Common Core to Nazism, communism and to the 鈥渦ltimate goal鈥� of setting up 鈥渋nternment or re-education camps.鈥�

Politicians associated with the Tea Party are weighing in, too. U.S. Rep. Jim Bridenstine of Oklahoma says the standards are 鈥渕uch like socialism.鈥� Kentucky Sen. Rand Paul has called it 鈥渁 dangerous curriculum,鈥� though it鈥檚 not a curriculum at all.

As outlandish as these claims sound, they are part and parcel of the campaign against what some opponents call 鈥淥bamacore.鈥� And they鈥檙e gaining widespread exposure and acceptance, even in mainstream media.

鈥淭his is a war,鈥� said Towns, the Alabama GOP operative. 鈥淭his is a battle for control of our children.鈥�

The latest bogeyman

From a historical perspective, the Common Core is just the latest bogeyman in a fierce propaganda and political war being waged against the very concept of providing a publicly funded, secular education to every child. In some ways, it鈥檚 a proxy for the broader fight against the institution itself.

The Christian Right鈥檚 disdain for public education has been growing since the movement began its rise as a political power beginning in the 1970s. Prior to that, the Supreme Court鈥檚 1954 decision to desegregate public schools led to a decades-long flight of white children away from public schools and into private Christian academies, particularly in the South and urban areas with large concentrations of African Americans. Subsequent decisions outlawing school prayer and further ensuring the secular nature of public schools only deepened the animosity, helping to catalyze the massive homeschooling movement. As early as 1979, the Rev. Jerry Falwell said he hoped to see the day when 鈥渨e won鈥檛 have any public schools. The churches will have taken them over and Christians will be running them.鈥� More recently, school-based efforts to protect children from anti-gay bullying and to promote the acceptance of LGBT students have further inflamed Christian Right activists.

Like Barton, many of these activists contend that instead of teaching correct Christian principles, today鈥檚 schools corrupt children by, among other things, teaching them to be gay or sexually promiscuous. Hence, no conscientious parent would send children there. Homeschooling and private religious schools are seen as the only moral choices. Though no one knows for sure, it鈥檚 estimated that somewhere between 2 and 3 million U.S. children are being homeschooled, most of them by parents who identify themselves as evangelical Christians.

Now, with the Common Core as a sort of unified field theory for everything the Christian Right despises about public education and with the federal government as the villain, its cause has been infused with energy from various Tea Party factions, antigovernment 鈥淧atriot鈥� groups like the John Birch Society, and other far-right extremists not usually linked to education issues but with ideological views that fit comfortably with opposition to public schools.

Public schools under fire

As the attacks on the Common Core mount, so do the more general attacks on public schools themselves.

Liberty Counsel President Anita Staver, for example, has called public schools 鈥渄angerous anti-God indoctrination camps鈥� that 鈥渢hreaten our nation鈥檚 very survival.鈥� Televangelist Rod Parsley says Satan has 鈥渢urned our public schools into cesspools of godless propaganda where God is publicly mocked and reviled.鈥�

The drumbeat against public education has intensified with libertarian books, online videos and a recent, attention-getting documentary called IndoctriNation. The film blasts U.S. public education as an evil enterprise beyond redemption. Among other places, its director has promoted the film on the Alex Jones Show, which is hosted by a florid conspiracist who is arguably the nation鈥檚 most vocal promoter of the extremist Patriot movement. Warning that parents are turning their children over to 鈥渁 bunch of perverts and weirdoes鈥� who 鈥渦se our tax money 鈥� to destroy our youth,鈥� Jones heartily endorsed the IndoctriNation documentary and aired excerpts from it in 2012.

The uproar is having a political impact, not only threatening to unravel state support for the standards and becoming an issue in upcoming elections but opening a new rift between the Republican Party establishment鈥攊ncluding potential presidential candidate Jeb Bush, who supports the standards鈥攁nd the party鈥檚 social conservatives.

Chester E. Finn Jr., president of the Thomas B. Fordham Institute, a conservative education think tank in Washington, D.C., that supports the standards, sees deeper issues than education at play. 鈥淐ommon Core is the current kickball in a bigger game,鈥� Finn told the Southern Poverty Law Center. 鈥淚f you want to bump off your local legislator and replace him with someone more to your taste, Common Core is a convenient issue to grab and use politically.鈥�

The vitriol surrounding the Common Core State Standards should come as no surprise in light of the false starts and previous tempests that have punctuated education reform efforts over the last 30 years.

But a careful look at the standards themselves, the problems they were designed to solve, and how they relate to previous reforms鈥攊n particular, the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) promoted by President George W. Bush in 2002鈥攕hows clearly that many of the most inflammatory criticisms are falsehoods and distortions.

In fact, as for the alleged federal intrusion into local and state affairs, the Common Core pales in comparison to NCLB, which despite harsh criticism from both the left and the right, didn鈥檛 generate anything approaching the uproar over the Common Core. In many ways, the Common Core embodies a traditional conservative reform agenda, particularly with its emphasis on standardized testing. In part, it tendered a solution to some of the problems created by NCLB.

Whenever efforts to standardize education in the United States have sprung up, controversy has followed.

Stall-outs of note at the federal level include President George H.W. Bush鈥檚 failed attempt to develop national curricular standards, and President Bill Clinton鈥檚 failure to establish a regulatory body that would oversee individual state standards. Both efforts ran afoul of ideological and practical concerns voiced by schools, religious activists, policymakers, pundits and members of the private sector. Put plainly, while the Common Core may be new, the debate is not.

The standards-based movement

The standards-based reform movement has its roots in outcome-based education, a model popularized in the 1980s and 1990s and based in the belief that the empirical evaluation of student performance improves both individual achievement and the success of the education system at large. Standards were needed to establish the goals against which student performance would be measured.

States steadily developed and adopted standards with encouragement from every administration beginning with that of George H.W. Bush. By the time his son became president, nearly every state had its own separate set of standards specifying what students should know in each grade.

Many of the most contentious debates surrounding the Common Core today date back to the 1990s. Concerns about rigor (standards being too rigorous or not rigorous enough), content, alignment to global workforce skills, promotion of secularism, implementation burdens, and the impact on students of high-stakes testing have all been central to the decades-long dialogue about how to (a) measure what students know and are able to do and (b) determine what students should know and be able to do.

NCLB, which expanded federal oversight of public education by linking federal funds to standardized results, notably failed to address question 鈥渂.鈥� While the law placed enormous emphasis on student evaluation and the collection of performance data (enforced by strict Title I financial penalties when the numbers weren鈥檛 satisfactory), it offered no national achievement standards. That was left to the states. The law created a huge incentive to game the system: Some states evaded accountability for poor schools by simply weakening both their standards and the tests designed to assess students鈥� mastery of them.

A decade later, the achievement levels of high school seniors varied alarmingly from state to state. Graduating from high school did not necessarily mean a student had the skills to go further鈥攊n fact, 60 percent of those entering two-year colleges needed remedial courses. Even more alarming, college and career success often depended on variables like language, race and ZIP code.

Common Core goals

The stated goal of the Common Core is to ensure that all students鈥攔egardless of where they live鈥攇raduate from high school prepared to succeed in entry-level college courses or enter the workforce. Underlying that goal was the desire to increase global competitiveness.

Although adoption occurs at the discretion of the individual states (and Washington, D.C.), the Common Core has the potential to replace 51 disparate sets of English language arts/literacy and mathematics standards of uneven quality with a nationally benchmarked and validated single set (although some highly respected education experts question the standards鈥� validity). Not only do common standards ostensibly make it easier to measure students鈥� progress, they encourage collaboration and continuity among states regarding textbooks, teaching materials, assessments and other tools, leading to an overall raising of the bar.

In addition to equity and continuity, the Common Core architects also had global competitiveness firmly in mind. The academic performance of U.S. students, particularly in math and science, is not on par with many industrialized countries. Worse, in most of these countries, the population entering the workforce is at least as well-educated as the population retiring, while in the United States new workers are less well-educated. These educational shortcomings could profoundly impede the nation鈥檚 ability to remain globally competitive鈥攑resumably a primary reason many private sector organizations like the Business Roundtable and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce endorse the Common Core.

Whether the Common Core can actually help improve college and career readiness, make the U.S. education system more equitable, or help the country become more competitive globally remains to be seen. However, being clear about its goals and the landscape in which they emerged can help guard against the type of inflammatory rhetoric currently distracting from legitimate debate.

Developing the Common Core

The seeds of the Common Core State Standards were planted in 2007 when members of the National Governors Association (NGA) began discussing the possibility of aligning the diverse standards of their respective states to ensure educational equity across states and geographic regions. This alignment effort would address the widening achievement gaps by closing what are, in essence, opportunity gaps for children living in areas where access to college-aligned education is limited.

The NGA workgroup soon expanded to include the Council of Chief State School Officers, an association of state school superintendents. The two state-based organizations partnered with Achieve, a nonprofit organization specializing in college and career readiness, and appointed teams that included teachers, school administrators and education researchers to draft the new standards, with input from teachers and the public.

Several high-profile names are linked to development of the Common Core, including David Coleman (Student Achievement Partners and the College Board), William McCallum (University of Arizona), Phil Daro (Strategic Education Research Partnership), Jason Zimba and Susan Pimentel (Student Achievement Partners). The private sector was heavily involved in funding the effort. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the largest single private funder, has poured more than $170 million so far into developing and implementing the standards. Other contributors include the Pearson Foundation鈥攅stablished and partly funded by the Pearson Publishing Company鈥攁nd the Charles Stewart Mott Foundation.

The Common Core State Standards identify the literacy and math skills that students in public schools should master at each grade level. They do not mandate the use of any particular text or curriculum.

The standards鈥攆or English language arts/literacy and mathematics鈥攚ere released in June of 2010. That month, the NGA Center for Best Practices and the Council of Chief State School Officers released a report outlining the findings of the 25-member Validation Committee. The committee found the standards to be 鈥淸r]eflective of the core knowledge and skills in ELA [English language arts] and mathematics that students need to be college-and career-ready.鈥� The Common Core also underwent external validation testing, with funding from the Gates Foundation, to determine whether the standards include content knowledge considered necessary for success in entry-level higher education courses. This study found the ELA/literacy standards to be generally applicable to postsecondary courses and gave high marks to the Speaking and Listening and Language strands. Ratings for the mathematics standards varied more by course category, although those for Mathematical Practice were consistently rated as highly applicable across the board.

After the standards were completed and released in 2010, 45 states, the District of Columbia and four territories quickly adopted them, with Department of Defense operated schools soon following. States adopting them are free to continue to teach their own state standards, as long as the Common Core comprises at least 85 percent of the standards covered.

Also in 2010, two state-led consortia funded by grants from the U.S. Department of Education鈥擯artnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers (PARCC) and the Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium鈥攂egan developing Common Core aligned assessments. Most of the 45 states (Indiana has since opted out of the standards) signed on to become members of one or, in some cases, both consortia. Both consortia agreed to deliver the tests in time for the 2014-15 school year. These common assessments will, ultimately, fulfill the states鈥� NCLB testing and reporting requirements, although states are still at liberty to use other tests.

Despite the claims of critics, the Common Core itself does not mandate data-gathering or the use of a particular standardized test or curriculum. Instead, local entities鈥攖eachers, schools and districts鈥攁re responsible for creating local implementation plans. With short timelines, many have made quick decisions and, in some cases, radical changes concerning professional development priorities, standardized testing, teacher evaluation, and eligibility for Title I and Race to the Top funding.

Current debates

Many of the legitimate debates surrounding the Common Core focus on concerns that have been central to education reform discussions since the 1980s. It is unclear whether the fringe elements of the radical right are ignorant of this history or whether they are deliberately distorting the facts. What is clear is that the unfounded and paranoid rhetoric surrounding the standards distracts from the important debates that are happening among highly informed scholars, state officeholders, policymakers, educators, and families across America. The following are a sampling of some of the valid Common Core-related concerns under debate:

• Education historian and researcher Diane Ravitch has asserted that the Common Core was not developed according to the principles established by the American National Standards Institute. Ravitch says her reason for opposing the standards is not the content but rather concerns about the transparency of the development process and the exclusion of informed, concerned interests such as early childhood educators and special education experts.

• Some critics see the Gates Foundation鈥檚 support as overwhelmingly disproportionate. The fact that the foundation not only funded鈥攄irectly and indirectly鈥攕uch a large percentage of the development of the standards but also the validation and some implementation measures has raised concerns about the ethics and desirability of a single private entity being able to influence a public initiative of the Common Core鈥檚 scope.

• Some educators oppose the Common Core out of concerns that the standards depart from best practices for teaching and supporting culturally diverse youth. One such critique refers to the reduced emphasis on student reflection and experience in the writing standards. Others point to the lack of diversity in exemplar texts.

• Many teachers and administrators find the implementation timeline of the Common Core unrealistic, noting that the rigor of the standards has bumped the bar so high that it will take years to actually reach it. Meanwhile, pressure on schools to show immediate and measurable improvement makes it difficult for them to chart a slower and more deliberate path to implementation.

• While Race to the Top funding is not directly tied to Common Core adoption, it is tied to the adoption of college and career readiness standards, and more points were awarded to states that adopted the Common Core. Some critics saw the Race to the Top stipulations as federal strong-arming that allowed the Obama administration to paint state adoption as entirely voluntary when, in fact, there were potential financial consequences for opting out.

• Many progressives criticize the role that the Common Core plays in magnifying the the toxic testing culture that NCLB and its high-stakes testing made a feature of life in public schools. They note that corporate interests are served whenever testing companies have a mandated market, and that the quick implementation period is, in fact, feeding these interests by creating an urgent need for implementation materials.

As states began implementing the Common Core, a backlash began to brew, and it grew more ferocious by the day.

Amid the legitimate concerns expressed by parents, teachers and education experts, distortions and blatant falsehoods began to sprout and spread. Many of the criticisms are altogether unrelated to the standards but are freighted with themes from the Christian Right鈥檚 long-running battles over sex education, textbooks, school prayer, the teaching of evolution, LGBT issues, and secular teaching in general. Some of the claims are quite inflammatory, like the contention that children will be 鈥渟exualized鈥� at a young age or 鈥渋ndoctrinated鈥� into a 鈥渉omosexual鈥� lifestyle.

鈥淲e all expected and welcomed vigorous educational debate about the standards,鈥� noted Carrie Heath Phillips of the Council of Chief State School Officers. 鈥淲hat surprised us was the people and organizations who鈥檝e taken as their mission to continuously spew out these untruths.鈥�

The most common falsehoods: The federal government is dictating a specific curriculum that schools must follow; school districts and states will lose local control; the standards force liberal political and anti-Christian dogma onto students; and testing associated with the standards is part of a government and big business plot to track personal information about students from kindergarten to adulthood.

None of this is true, insists Chester Finn of the Fordham Institute, which supports the standards. 鈥淭here is no federal control,鈥� he said. And, as for the Common Core enforcing political and anti-religious beliefs, 鈥渢his is total paranoia.鈥�

In 2013, the propaganda blitz worsened as the issue began to set the conservative grassroots ablaze.

Right-wing advocacy groups associated with billionaires David (top) and Charles Koch are fueling grassroots opposition to the Common Core.

Even as local and state groups associated with the Christian Right, the Tea Party and the antigovernment 鈥淧atriot鈥� movement were springing into action, national groups were working hard to stir the pot. These included the Cato Institute, Heritage Foundation, which calls the Common Core the 鈥渘ext massive effort to further centralize education,鈥� and the Chicago-based Heartland Institute, which published a 20-page booklet and established a content-rich Web page for activists called 鈥淔ight the Common Core.鈥� Homeschooling organizations, notably the Home School Legal Defense Association, also have been active.

The American Principles Project, founded by Princeton University Professor Robert George, echoes the conspiracy theories of the radical right, warning that the Common Core advances the 鈥渦topian, grandiose planning for a managed global economy.

Among those pushing the issue are advocacy groups associated with and funded by David and Charles Koch, the billionaire industrialists who fund many conservative causes and candidates. Politico, the online news outlet, reported in January 2014 that a draft action plan by FreedomWorks lays out the following agenda: 鈥淔irst, mobilize to strike down the Common Core. Then push to expand school choice by offering parents tax credits or vouchers to help pay tuition at private and religious schools. Next, rally the troops to abolish the U.S. Department of Education. Then it鈥檚 on to eliminating teacher tenure.鈥�

The group鈥檚 director of grassroots activism, Whitney Neal, told Politico the group would kick off a 鈥渉uge campaign鈥� to 鈥渃onnect the dots鈥� between killing the Common Core and other conservative priorities. She said a major march in Washington was being planned for this summer, perhaps with Glenn Beck.

Another Koch-backed group, Americans for Prosperity, is also pressing the issue in a series of town hall meetings across the country.

So what is the end game for the Kochs?

The 1980 Libertarian Party platform provides some perspective. David Koch ran for vice president on the party鈥檚 ticket that year, when its platform called for the 鈥渃omplete separation of education and State.鈥� It went on: 鈥淕overnment schools lead to the indoctrination of children and interfere with the free choice of individuals. Government ownership, operation, regulation, and subsidy of schools and colleges should be ended.鈥�

A principal agitator

The American Principles Project (APP) has been highly influential in galvanizing grassroots opposition across the country, in particular by producing videos, reports, websites and other materials that helped provide the intellectual framework for local organizers. The group says it is spending $500,000 to fight the Common Core.

The small, Washington, D.C.-based nonprofit was founded by Princeton University law professor Robert George, a constitutional scholar who is considered one of the leading thinkers of the Christian Right. George has also long been active in opposing LGBT equality. He was a founder of the National Organization for Marriage and he also helped found the Witherspoon Institute, a conservative think tank that granted almost $700,000 to professor Mark Regnerus for a 2012 study designed to help 鈥減rove鈥� that LGBT people make bad parents (the study has been widely discredited). George also was a drafter of the Manhattan Declaration, a 4,500-word manifesto that debuted in 2009 in which Christians pledge to engage in civil disobedience against laws they believe violate their religious rights.

The APP is heavily involved in education issues, saying that it wants to promote parental authority and protect the 鈥渋nnocence of children鈥� against such things as promiscuity, pornography, violence, and 鈥渙ther corruptions.鈥� One of its projects, American Principles in Action, has led campaigns against teaching about LGBT people in schools and has worked against the repeal of the military鈥檚 anti-gay 鈥淒on鈥檛 Ask, Don鈥檛 Tell鈥� policy.

Hoosiers Against the Common Core stages a rally at the Indiana Statehouse in April. Indiana became the first state to drop the standards after Gov. Mike Pence signed legislation ordering the state school board to draft new ones.

In 2012, the APP released a report, Controlling Education from the Top: Why Common Core is Bad for America, that portrays the standards as a federal takeover of education. The following year, in September 2013, the group co-sponsored an anti-Common Core conference at Notre Dame University, drawing more than 200 activists from states as diverse as California, Louisiana, Massachusetts and Michigan. It also has released numerous videos about the Common Core and has sent representatives to testify against implementing the program at several state legislative hearings. It regularly sends speakers to panel discussions and grassroots events around the country.

The APP materials appear, for the most part, to contain rather arcane critiques: the standards are mediocre, the costs to states will be too high, states will lose autonomy, etc. But in a video on the group鈥檚 website, APP Senior Fellow Jane Robbins warns of dark forces at work behind the scenes, in language echoing the conspiracy theories of Patriot groups. The standards, she says, are part of a 鈥渦topian, grandiose planning for a managed global economy鈥� long sought by 鈥減rogressives, or socialists as they have historically been known.鈥� The Common Core is part of a 鈥渘ew vision鈥� for America that advances 鈥渢he model of a command economy and unlimited government.鈥�

This theme is striking a chord with social conservatives who are being organized to fight the Common Core in their own states by national groups with state and local chapters.

One of the most active is Concerned Women for America (CWA), a group founded in 1979 by Beverly LaHaye, the wife of Timothy LaHaye, the evangelical minister and author of the Left Behind series of Christian novels. The CWA was founded to fight feminism but today seeks to 鈥渂ring Biblical principles into all levels of public policy.鈥� It has a big megaphone. According to Right Wing Watch, the group boasts more than 500,000 members in 500 chapters and a daily radio show that reaches more than 1 million people.

CWA鈥檚 Georgia chapter has been especially active, creating a website that serves as a key national clearinghouse for activists and links to other grassroots groups and websites.

Far-right 鈥楶atriots,鈥� Tea Parties take aim

Battles over education issues have been going on for many years but were mostly fought at the state and local level. In the Common Core, disparate elements of the far right found a unifying issue and a common punching bag鈥攖he federal government鈥攅ven as the individual skirmishes are waged in the 44 states that are implementing the standards.

Various Tea Party factions, the John Birch Society and Phyllis Schlafly鈥檚 Eagle Forum, for example, all refer to the standards as 鈥淥bamaCore.鈥�

Tea Party groups have spearheaded rallies against the Common Core in many states鈥擣lorida, Indiana, Missouri, Michigan, Pennsylvania, Arizona and Wisconsin, to name just a few. They鈥檝e also provided foot soldiers for the battles being waged in numerous states鈥攑acking buses to legislative hearings, bombarding lawmakers with phone calls and helping force legislative investigations of the Common Core.

Joining the Tea Party groups are Patriot activists who are part of a radical-right movement that has staged a dramatic resurgence since President Obama was elected. As these groups have become involved, the rhetoric has grown more extreme. Numerous coalitions fighting the Common Core include groups associated with the Christian Right, the Tea Parties and the Patriot movement.

Chief among the Patriot groups is the John Birch Society (JBS)鈥攖he ultra-right organization that once called President Dwight D. Eisenhower a communist agent. The JBS links the Common Core to an all-encompassing conspiracy theory involving Agenda 21, a non-binding U.N.-sponsored set of principles for sustainable development that was developed during the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro and signed by President George H.W. Bush. The JBS believes Agenda 21 is part of a plot by a secretive cabal of global elites to institute a 鈥淣ew World Order,鈥� a socialistic, totalitarian world government that will enslave Americans.

Mass-producing 鈥榞reen serfs鈥�

In March, The New American, the JBS magazine, published an article under the headline 鈥淐ommon Core and UN Agenda 21: Mass Producing Green Global Serfs.鈥� It claimed that the Common Core is part of a broader agenda 鈥渋n the works for decades鈥� to help usher in the New World Order, mainly by transforming American children into 鈥溾�榞lobal citizens鈥� ready for the coming 鈥榞reen鈥� and 鈥榮ustainable鈥� world order.鈥� The article claims that UNESCO, Bill Gates, the Obama administration and 鈥渙ther powerful globalist forces are working quietly but fiendishly to impose global education standards on humanity.鈥�

JBS affiliates also have been active in stoking fury at the Common Core.

For example, Freedom Project Education operates a Christian-oriented homeschooling website that bills itself as 鈥渋ndependent.鈥� But it turns out that Freedom Project Education is not so independent after all. It鈥檚 the educational arm of the American Opinion Foundation, an 鈥渋ndependent鈥� nonprofit associated with and created by the JBS. On the Freedom Project鈥檚 website, academic director Duke Pesta calls the Common Core an 鈥渁bsolute appropriation of Soviet ideology and propaganda.鈥� Further, the site calls the standards 鈥渁 Trojan Horse that mandated cooperation with ObamaCare.鈥� Perhaps even worse, the 鈥渕ainstreaming of homosexuality, promiscuity and other practices鈥攅ven to young children鈥攊s an important component of the scheme.鈥�

In case the government leaders don鈥檛 pick up the message, the JBS鈥檚 American Opinion Foundation is paying travel expenses for alleged education experts to testify against the Common Core in states like Wisconsin that have held investigative hearings on the standards.

Phyllis Schlafly

Phyllis Schlafly, who founded the Eagle Forum in 1972 to fight the feminist movement and the proposed Equal Rights Amendment, also has found in the Common Core a new battlefield in the culture war. She has crusaded against it for three years through her columns, radio shows and Eagle Forum affiliates across the country. Sounding much like those in the Patriot movement, she claims it will bring this country a totalitarian government.

Other Eagle Forum leaders also wave the New World Order/Agenda 21 red flag. In an interview published on the Patriot website Renew America in March 2013, the president of Eagle Forum Palm Springs, Christina Michas, linked the Common Core to 鈥渢he ultimate goal鈥� of setting up 鈥渋nternment or re-education camps for those that will not comply with their sick agenda. You either are 鈥榬etrained鈥� or you will have to be eliminated.鈥�

Such talk refers to the false conspiracy theory, promoted by Patriot groups including the JBS, that the Federal Emergency Management Agency is building concentration camps to imprison political dissidents.

David Barton

Last August, Schlafly wrote a letter to Catholic bishops warning them to stay away from the Common Core. She blasted the standards for 鈥渁ctive promotion of gay marriage, and other federal efforts designed to dismantle moral society. 鈥� We cannot remain complacent as this administration takes aim at our children. 鈥� The laity needs to hear from the bishops on this issue.鈥�

The letter was reprinted in Crisis, a lay Catholic magazine, under the heading 鈥淐ommon Core: A Threat to Catholic Education.鈥� On the heels of Schlafly鈥檚 well-publicized letter and the APP鈥檚 Notre Dame conference in September, more than 100 Catholic professors signed a public letter to U.S. bishops in November denouncing the standards and urging bishops to ignore them or to reverse the decision in more than 100 dioceses where they were already approved.

The media amplifiers

Popular right-wing media figures such as former Fox News Channel host Glenn Beck and Michelle Malkin, the syndicated columnist and Fox News contributor, have played key roles in spreading hysteria and stoking opposition to the standards. Beck sponsored two anti-Common Core strategizing conferences in 2013, appointing self-proclaimed historian David Barton to organize them. Barton is the founder of WallBuilders, a Texas-based, far-right evangelical group promoting his revisionist view that the United States was founded as a Christian nation and that it ought to be ruled by biblical principles. Although he has no academic credentials in history, he has written numerous history books and has served as an adviser to Newt Gingrich, U.S. Rep. Michele Bachmann, Kansas Gov. Sam Brownback and Mike Huckabee. His books have been widely discredited by historians for their factual errors and distortions. Barton鈥檚 most recent, The Jefferson Lies, was withdrawn from the market and recalled by the world鈥檚 largest Christian publisher in 2012 because it contained so many factual mistakes. That year, readers of the nonpartisan History News Network, affiliated with George Mason University, voted the book 鈥渓east credible history book in print.鈥�

But Barton continues to enthrall Christian Right audiences. Lately, he鈥檚 been spinning tall tales about the Common Core.

Beck鈥檚 conferences, moderated by Barton, drew activists from around the country with the goal of mapping out coordinated attacks on the Common Core. Beck calls it 鈥渢he biggest story in American history. 鈥� It is Communism, we are dealing with evil.鈥�

Glenn Beck, who sponsored two anti-Common Core strategizing conferences in 2013, calls the Common Core 鈥渆vil.鈥� Commentator Michelle Malkin claims 鈥済overnment meddlers鈥� will gather 鈥渋ntimate data鈥� on children and sell it to business interests.

On his website and BlazeTV Internet-based show, Beck has repeatedly railed against the standards, often in apocalyptic terms. 鈥淲e will not save our country unless we save it first from this attack,鈥� he said. The headlines on his site include: 鈥淒o Common Core鈥檚 roots date back to America鈥檚 earliest socialists?鈥� and 鈥淐ommon Core: A Lesson Plan for Raising Up Compliant, Non-Thinking Citizens.鈥�

The liberal plot

Malkin has written extensively on the Common Core, denouncing the 鈥渃ollectivist agitators鈥� who have 鈥渃hipped away at academic excellence in the name of fairness, diversity and social justice.鈥� Much of what she writes purportedly reflects the views of education experts, whether accurate or not, who disagree with the standards. For example: 鈥淭raditional Euclidean geometry is replaced with an experimental approach that had not been previously pilot-tested in the U.S.鈥� But the conclusions she draws are straight out of the Patriot conspiracy textbook: that it鈥檚 all a big liberal plot to indoctrinate children.

Malkin has also warned that, through the Common Core, 鈥淲ashington meddlers 鈥� are gathering intimate data on children and families鈥� that will be 鈥渟old by government officials to the highest bidders.鈥� The data collection and selling, she claims, 鈥渋s the central fraud of Washington鈥檚 top-down nationalized curricular scheme.鈥� Malkin based her warning on the APP鈥檚 2012 report, produced with the Massachusetts-based Pioneer Institute, which said the Common Core 鈥渋s merely one part of a much broader plan by the federal government to track individuals from birth through their participation in the workforce.鈥�

In early April, a Tea Party activist appeared before Alabama鈥檚 Senate Education Committee during a hearing on legislation that would allow individual school districts to bow out of the Common Core State Standards.

鈥淲e don鈥檛 want our children to be taught to be anti-Christian, anti-Catholic and anti-American,鈥� said Terry Bratton. 鈥淲e don鈥檛 want our children to lose their innocence, beginning in preschool or kindergarten, told that homosexuality is OK and should be experienced at an early age and that same-sex marriages are OK.鈥�

Lawmakers adjourned for the year without voting on the proposal. But incendiary rhetoric like that, with no basis in fact, greatly concerns those who see the Common Core as one of the best ways to raise student achievement.

All of the fervid, 鈥渇ear-based鈥� propaganda 鈥渋s absolutely having an effect,鈥� said Allan Golston, president of the United States Program within the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which has invested more than $170 million in the standards. 鈥淚t鈥檚 causing political leaders to question this, with hearings across the country. There are indications some political leaders are feeling pressure to back away from Common Core. At the least, it鈥檚 a big distraction. The ultimate effect is not yet known.鈥�

Last summer, the Michigan legislature defunded the program but rescinded the step in October. Then, in March, Indiana became the first state to drop the standards altogether after Republican Gov. Mike Pence signed repeal legislation that orders the State Board of Education to draft new ones.

Other states could soon follow Indiana鈥檚 lead.

States wavering

According to an Associated Press report citing the National Conference of State Legislatures, about half of the more than 200 Common Core bills filed in state legislatures would slow or halt implementation of the standards.

In April, the Oklahoma Senate voted to repeal that state鈥檚 commitment to the Common Core. Mike Neal, president of the Tulsa Regional Chamber of Commerce, which supports the standards, said the state鈥檚 political leaders all initially backed them. But now, with the 2014 elections looming, both Republicans and Democrats are 鈥渞unning scared.鈥� Opponents, he told National Public Radio, have been telling politicians that 鈥渋f you support Common Core, we鈥檙e going to beat you, and we鈥檒l beat you over this one single issue.鈥�

Patte Barth, director of the Center for Public Education, a nonpartisan clearinghouse for accurate facts on public education sponsored by the National School Boards Association (NSBA), worries about the misinformation being spread by groups such as the American Principles Project. Although the NSBA has taken no official stand on Common Core, Barth has published 鈥渢ruth squad鈥� articles to debunk the myths.

鈥淭hese standards will have to be carefully implemented, and that remains to be seen,鈥� Barth said. 鈥淩ight now, the public is just not getting good information, and a lot of bad information on Common Core is out there.鈥�

A nascent political backlash is also evident at the federal level, particularly among Republicans aligned with the Tea Party.

U.S. Sen. Rand Paul

Kentucky Sen. Rand Paul has joined with seven other senators, including Texas Sen. Ted Cruz, to sponsor legislation prohibiting federal financing for any Common Core component. Paul has called the Common Core 鈥渁 dangerous new curriculum鈥� marred by 鈥渢he same old radical Progressive ideology in a new package.鈥� In 2013, he declared, 鈥淚nstead of teaching about our Constitution, it will teach students to be 鈥榞lobal citizens.鈥欌�� Paul may not be aware of this, but the Preamble to the Constitution is among the handful of texts actually required by the Common Core. The others are the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, and Lincoln鈥檚 Second Inaugural Address.

U.S. Rep. Jim Bridenstine

Other members of Congress, too, are buying into the anti-Common Core propaganda. U.S. Rep. Jim Bridenstine of Oklahoma, a first-term Tea Party Republican, said in a March interview with Tony Perkins of the Family Research Council that the standards are 鈥渕uch like socialism.鈥� He added, 鈥淪ocialism has been spreading poverty equally across the world and that鈥檚 not what we believe in. We believe in exceptionalism and that鈥檚 what our country should be advancing, not commonality.鈥�

Controversy over the Common Core also appears to be shaping the early contours of the GOP鈥檚 intraparty fight for the presidential nomination in 2016. Jeb Bush, a strong proponent of the standards, is taking heat from hard-right elements of his party. 鈥淭his is a real-world, grown-up approach to a real crisis that we have, and it鈥檚 mired in politics,鈥� Bush said in March during a Tennessee event promoting the standards. Some other potential candidates, including Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker and former Arkansas Gov. Mike Huckabee, appear to be equivocating after earlier supporting the Common Core.

Meanwhile, mainstream business interests, including the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, find themselves increasingly at odds with social conservatives and the Tea Party factions.

But there鈥檚 an even bigger game at play.

Advocacy groups associated with the billionaire industrialist Koch brothers, some of them playing key roles in organizing grassroots opposition, envision the Common Core fight as just the prelude to larger changes: enacting school privatization measures across the country.

MYTH: The Common Core dictates curricula to local school districts and teachers, telling them which texts to use and what to teach.

FACT: The Common Core is not a curriculum at all. Rather, it is a set of standards spelling out the knowledge and abilities that students should master at every grade level. For example, a grade 4 reading standard expects students to be able to 鈥渄etermine the main idea of a text and explain how it is supported by key details; summarize the text.鈥� The Common Core does list 鈥渆xemplar鈥� texts, or examples of books to give teachers an idea of the level of complexity required at different grade levels. But teachers are not required to use them. Only one set of texts are 鈥渞equired鈥� (in grades 11 and 12): the Declaration of Independence, the Preamble to the Constitution, the Bill of Rights, and Lincoln鈥檚 Second Inaugural Address. Beyond those foundational American texts, states, school districts and schools continue to choose what curricula to follow.

MYTH: The Common Core is a 鈥渢op-down鈥� federal program that tramples the authority of states and local school districts and puts schools under federal control.

FACT: The federal government was not involved in developing the Common Core. Instead, the idea was launched in 2007 by the National Governors Association and the Council of Chief State School Officers, an association of state school superintendents who report to their state鈥檚 governor. They saw that working together would be a cost-effective way for each state to create high-quality standards that would put the United States on a par with other nations and ensure educational equity across regions and states. The decision about whether to adopt the standards remains with the 50 states. Decisions about implementation will be made by those states and their districts and schools.

MYTH: The Common Core 鈥� or 鈥淥bamacore鈥� 鈥� was forced upon the states by the Obama administration.

Among the pervasive falsehoods about the Common Core is the accusation that the federal government will gather personal data on children and sell it to big business.

FACT: In order to receive Race to the Top federal grants that were part of the 2009 stimulus package or to receive waivers releasing them from certain elements of the Bush administration鈥檚 No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), the Obama administration required states to adopt 鈥渃ollege and career readiness鈥� standards. But it did not specify the Common Core. In fact, Virginia and Texas鈥� decision to write their own college and career-readiness standards did not make them ineligible for Race to the Top funds. To be sure, under Secretary Arne Duncan, the U.S. Department of Education has been a cheerleader for the Common Core and has provided incentives 鈥� like the Race to the Top funding鈥攖o encourage state adoption of the Common Core or other rigorous standards. These funds account for less than 1 percent of all spending on education.

MYTH: The Common Core invades the privacy of students by requiring the collection of data that will be sold by the federal government to private interests.

FACT: The NCLB law enacted under President George W. Bush launched the era of big data in education. NCLB required states to collect and report data about student performance. It also required that the data be disaggregated by race so that racially based achievement gaps would be exposed and addressed. Schools use student data to identify what works and what doesn鈥檛. Districts, states and researchers use large, aggregated data sets鈥攚ith individual, personal identifying data stripped out鈥攖o uncover patterns and discover more about how students learn. Data is the basis for all educational research. By law, the federal government has access only to aggregate data collected by states鈥攏ot information about individual students鈥攁nd the Common Core does nothing to change that.

MYTH: The Common Core 鈥渄umbs down鈥� education in public schools, enforcing standards that are inferior to those already in place in states.

FACT: While there is room for a healthy, fact-based debate about the quality of the standards, most experts agree that they are superior to those they were designed to replace in most states. For example, the Thomas B. Fordham Institute, a conservative-leaning think tank dedicated to 鈥渁dvancing educational excellence for every child through quality research, analysis, and commentary,鈥� reported in 2010 that the Common Core standards are 鈥渃learer and more rigorous than the ELA [English language arts] and math standards presently used by the vast majority of states.鈥� The institute鈥檚 study found that about three-fourths of the existing state standards were inferior in math and English to the Common Core; one-fourth were roughly on par. (English and math standards are the only ones developed thus far under the Common Core.) Also, the Common Core standards represent a floor, not a ceiling. States that are doing better can continue to offer advanced courses. The reality is that 60 percent of students enrolling in community college have to take at least one remedial course. If the standards can ensure that high school graduates are ready for college work, the nation could save an estimated $7 billion.

MYTH: The Common Core de-emphasizes critical thinking skills.

FACT: This is exactly opposite of what the Common Core does. The standards are designed explicitly to promote critical thinking. The English standards, for example, encourage students to understand an author鈥檚 point of view and purpose for writing a text; to compare and evaluate claims and types of arguments; to support claims with credible sources; and to gather information from multiple, relevant sources. The math standards encourage an understanding of concepts and how numbers work, as opposed to simply memorizing techniques to solve problems.

MYTH: The Common Core indoctrinates students with 鈥渓eftist鈥� propaganda, such as a belief in global warming, the idea of 鈥渟ocial justice,鈥� or that people should be good 鈥済lobal citizens.鈥�

FACT: This and similar claims are presented to their audiences as fact by Glenn Beck, Michelle Malkin, David Barton and many others who apparently believe that secular, public education鈥攂y its nature鈥攑romotes liberal thought and undermines Christian values. Barton claims, for example, that the 鈥渟tandards teach that the future of the planet is threatened by manmade global warming. 鈥� This is not education, it鈥檚 political indoctrination.鈥� The truth is, there is no mention of global warming in the standards, and the Common Core does not appear to have a single exemplar text related to it. There are textbooks on the market that contain passages about the phenomenon, but they are not required reading under the Common Core. Quite often, examples of 鈥渋ndoctrination鈥� cited by critics are based on classroom lessons or texts adopted by individual teachers, districts or states rather than any language or standard in the Common Core.

MYTH: The Common Core is anti-Christian and anti-American.

FACT: These ideas are mainstays among many of the most ardent Christian Right and Tea Party critics, and typically the assertions are made without any factual evidence to support them. They appear, though, to be based on several factors. First, many of the critics object to the very notion of a common set of standards for the entire country, which they believe undermines local control and promotes some kind of anti-American or 鈥渃ollectivist鈥� ideal. Second, they often cite vulgar language, sexual content or other material they consider objectionable in specific books that are listed as 鈥渆xemplar鈥� texts. As is perfectly clear, exemplar texts鈥攎any of which are classics already taught in public schools鈥攁re not required reading under the Common Core. Rather, they are listed as examples of texts that would help students reach achievement goals. Third, because the standards do not promote Christianity, and public schools are, by law, bastions of secular learning, the standards are deemed anti-Christian. The fact is, the standards contain nothing whatsoever that promotes anti-Christian views. And, as noted above, the only required texts are uniquely American鈥攖he Declaration of Independence, the Preamble to the Constitution, the Bill of Rights, and Lincoln鈥檚 Second Inaugural Address.

MYTH: The Common Core promotes homosexuality and the acceptance of a 鈥渉omosexual agenda.鈥�

FACT: Like many others, this allegation appears to be based on objections to certain of the exemplar texts, which are not required reading under the Common Core. In other cases, it relies on anecdotal stories about lessons adopted by states, local school districts or individual teachers鈥攖he very entities the critics contend should be making these decisions. A Tea Party leader in Alabama told a state Senate committee, 鈥淲e don鈥檛 want our children to lose their innocence, beginning in preschool or kindergarten, told that homosexuality is OK and should be experienced at an early age and that same-sex marriages are OK.鈥� The basis for her statement is unclear. Some groups have linked this claim to the American Institutes for Research (AIR), a firm that has been hired by some states to create Common Core-aligned tests. They contend the AIR promotes a 鈥渉omosexual lifestyle鈥� among children because it has published materials for schools on LGBT issues.

MYTH: The Common Core is part of the larger 鈥淣ew World Order鈥� plot by devious globalists, including President Obama, to enslave humanity under a socialistic, totalitarian world government.

FACT: Antigovernment 鈥淧atriot鈥� activists and groups鈥攎ost notably the John Birch Society鈥攈ave linked the Common Core to broader conspiracy theories about the United Nations, Agenda 21 (a nonbinding U.N. agreement to promote global sustainability) and the ever-looming New World Order. The tentacles of this conspiracy theory are virtually endless and involve comparisons of the Common Core to the Soviet Union, to Nazi Germany, to communist China and more. The basic idea is that President Obama and Bill Gates, both part of the New World Order plot, are using the standards as a means of centralizing control over the nation鈥檚 schoolchildren and brainwashing them into being 鈥済reen global serfs,鈥� as the Birch Society鈥檚 magazine put it, who will unquestioningly serve the wishes of their globalist overlords. As with most conspiracy theories, these allegations are impossible to refute because they rely on wild conjecture, leaps of logic and supposed documents that have nothing do with the Common Core.