Federal Judge in North Carolina Upholds Liberty Dollar Founder's Conviction
A federal judge in North Carolina has denied a motion to set aside the 2011of a Bernard von NotHaus, an antigovernment activist who minted and sold his own silver coins in competition with U.S. government.
The protracted and complex legal case attracted widespread interest from gold and coin enthusiasts, as well as antigovernment activists and antigovernment 鈥溾�� who say the government cannot control them.
The 47-page ruling, filed Nov. 10 by U.S. District Judge Richard Vorhees, came three years after von NotHaus鈥� conviction in Asheville, N.C., and the filing of assorted post-trial motions, including an attempted legal intervention by Gold Anti-Trust Action Committee, Inc. The ruling on those motions, all rejected as baseless by the court, clears the way for von NotHaus鈥� sentencing next month.
After his conviction, the man who described himself as the 鈥渁rchitect of the free-money movement鈥� argued that federal laws under which he was charged are unconstitutional and that federal prosecutors didn鈥檛 present sufficient evidence showing he intended to violate counterfeit laws.
The 70-year-old founder of the so-called 鈥淟iberty Dollar Operation鈥� minted his own silver coins that looked very much like U.S. silver dollars, intending them to be used as 鈥減rivate barter currency鈥� for goods and services in direct competition with the Federal Reserve. He sold them to distributors in a Pyramid-style operation, accepting Federal Reserve greenbacks for the purchases, reportedly putting more than $20 million Liberty Dollars into circulation before being arrested by the FBI on federal counterfeiting and conspiracy charges.
The post-conviction motions, the judge said, presented 鈥渁 question as to the scope and extent鈥� of Congress鈥� exclusive power to coin money.
Von NotHaus argued his conviction 鈥渋nfringes on the public鈥檚 right to utilize private bartering systems鈥� and that it is not illegal or counterfeiting for a private individual to compete with the Federal Reserve.
The judge said he was not ruling that private barter systems are illegal. He also said that while the Constitution doesn鈥檛 give Congress the exclusive right to coin money, it does 鈥渆xpressly prohibit鈥� states from doing that.
鈥淚t is undisputed that Congress has the ability to enact comprehensive laws concerning the coinage of money, the value of money, and counterfeiting,鈥� the judge鈥檚 ruling said.
Further, the judge ruled that Congress does indeed possess the power to make it illegal for someone like von NotHaus to mint coins鈥攚hether they resemble U.S. coins or are of original design鈥攊f they are intended for use in monetary transactions.
Vorhees order said the jury that heard the evidence against von NotHaus found that his Liberty Dollars were counterfeit and that he intended to break federal law by minting and selling them.
After earlier interest by the Secret Service, the FBI opened a criminal investigation in 2004 after the Asheville, N.C., police department got a report the State Employees Credit Union that someone had attempt to 鈥減ass a coin that looked similar to United States coinage.鈥�
The judge said the jury that heard the case 鈥渨as in a position to evaluate the specific and fine points of the Liberty Dollars鈥� before unanimously concluding they were counterfeit and that von NotHaus intended to break federal law.
鈥淭here is a heavy burden to prove that a jury鈥檚 verdict and findings of facts are wrong,鈥� the judge said, denying von NotHaus鈥� motions to set aside his convictions or grant a new trial.
While operating the Royal Hawaiian Mint in the late 1990s, von NotHaus founded 鈥淭he National Organization for the Repeal of the Federal Reserve Act and Internal Revenue Code鈥� or NORFED. To circumvent laws, he also started the , where he called himself the "high priest."
But it was his Liberty Dollar operation that captured national headlines as von NotHaus claimed NORFED would compete with the Federal Reserve System just like FedEx does with the U.S. Postal Service.
He later moved its headquarters to Evansville, Ind., Later, where he teamed with James W. Thomas, publisher of , a now-defunct magazine popular with antigovernment 鈥淧atriots,鈥� sovereign citizens and extremists with anti-Semitic agendas.
NORFED issued and circulated five coins in one, five, ten, twenty and fifty dollar denominations. The Liberty Dollars, marked as 鈥淎merica鈥檚 inflation-proof currency,鈥� were minted at Sunshine Minting, Inc. in Coeur d鈥橝lene, Idaho.
While the coins actually contained silver, trial evidence showed von NotHaus and his operation would recall and re-mint the coins if the 鈥渁verage spot price鈥� of that precious metal exceeded the face value of a particular coin.
鈥淲e never refer to the American Liberty as a coin,鈥� von NotHaus said in an interview in 1999. 鈥淭he word 鈥榗oin鈥� is a government-controlled term. This is currency that is free from government聽control.鈥�
鈥淲hen the people own the money, they control the government,鈥� he said. 鈥淲hen the government owns the money, it controls the聽people.鈥�
