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Editor鈥檚 note: This is the third in a series of articles exploring the history, mission and essential services provided by key government agencies. President-elect Donald Trump's proposed funding cuts and potential changes to the way agencies operate could significantly weaken these agencies and disrupt essential services that millions rely on daily.

It鈥檚 unclear exactly how the second Donald Trump administration could affect the U.S. Department of Labor and the employment law landscape. Trump鈥檚 plans for mass deportations of immigrants could significantly disrupt businesses and lead to and 鈥�.鈥� The on the labor market impact of deportations, including that studies indicate increased deportations are associated with poorer economic outcomes for U.S.-born workers. it鈥檚 possible that regulation of the labor market will slow when Trump takes office, and further limitations could be placed on diversity, equity and inclusion initiatives.

History

The was established in 1913, following decades of campaigning by labor organizers for an agency dedicated to improving working conditions, advancing employment opportunities and protecting workers鈥� rights. Labor unions and reformers had called for federal oversight during the industrial revolution to improve workplace standards. The department originated from earlier efforts like establishing the Bureau of Labor Statistics in 1884, which collected and analyzed data on employment and working conditions. Since its founding, the department has implemented policies and programs to address workplace safety, wage equity and employment training. It has played a significant role during economic crises and in creating landmark labor legislation, including the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, which established minimum wage and overtime protections.

Key functions and services

The Department of Labor is responsible for enforcing federal labor laws and administering programs focused on four primary areas: worker protection, income support, workforce training and development and labor statistics and research. Key agencies within the department include the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, which enforces workplace safety standards, and the Wage and Hour Division, which oversees compliance with wage laws, overtime rules and family leave regulations.

The department administers unemployment insurance programs in collaboration with states that provide temporary assistance to workers who lose their jobs. The Employee Benefits Security Administration seeks to protect employee benefits, including private retirement and health plans, by ensuring compliance with federal regulations. The department鈥檚 Employment and Training Administration focuses on workforce development through job training programs, apprenticeships and career services.

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