人兽性交

It looked more like a jail than a place where her daughters could receive a good education. 鈥淚t鈥檚 so dark and gloomy and it鈥檚 unwelcoming,鈥� she said. 鈥淚鈥檝e never been in jail, but it鈥檚 like in the movies. The whole atmosphere is so unsettling and so unwelcoming.鈥�

That was three years ago, when Hughes became one of four plaintiffs in a lawsuit filed by the 人兽性交 and its co-counsel against the state of Mississippi for failing to provide a uniform system of public schools that ensures that Black students receive an education equal to that of white students.

Little has changed since then.

But Hughes鈥� hopes were buoyed earlier this month when a three-judge panel of the U.S. 5^th Circuit Court of Appeals reversed a lower court鈥檚 decision last year to dismiss the case. 聽

The lawsuit argues that Mississippi has repeatedly violated a nearly 150-year-old, legally binding obligation 鈥� enshrined in the state constitution ratified in 1869 鈥� to operate a 鈥渦niform system of free public schools鈥� for all children. The year after ratification, Congress passed a law, commonly called the 鈥淩eadmission Act,鈥� allowing Mississippi to regain full statehood. The Readmission Act requires that the education rights then granted in the state constitution never be diminished.

Despite that obligation, the schools in Mississippi are anything but uniform.

The problems at Raines 鈥� where the student body is overwhelmingly Black 鈥� underscore deep funding disparities and discrimination against students of color and the school districts in which they attend classes. Not only are the facilities neglected, students often lack textbooks, reading books and basic supplies. Since there are not enough textbooks, the students work from photocopies 鈥� when they are available. The teaching staffs, too, are generally less experienced than in nearby schools attended mostly by white students.

When the lawsuit was filed, the children represented in the lawsuit were in kindergarten and first grade in the Jackson Public School District and the Yazoo City Municipal School District, predominantly Black districts that have received an 鈥淔鈥� rating in the Mississippi Department of Education鈥檚 accountability rankings. Nearby schools with majority-white student bodies have all of the resources lacked by plaintiffs鈥� schools in failing districts and receive an 鈥淎鈥� rating from the state.

The state has since for its academic failures, eliminating its school board and firing its superintendent.

The lawsuit was filed on behalf of the plaintiffs by the 人兽性交, Jason Zarow, Brad Elias and others at the O鈥橫elveny & Myers law firm, and Rita and Bill Bender of the Skellenger Bender law firm.

鈥榃elcome news鈥�

鈥淭he court鈥檚 decision, allowing the case to move forward, is welcome news for families impacted by Mississippi鈥檚 violation of the Readmission Act and its establishment of a shockingly unequal public school system that greatly disadvantages Black students,鈥� said Christine Bischoff, senior staff attorney for the 人兽性交.

鈥淎ll children deserve equal access to high-quality, well-resourced public schools, regardless of a child鈥檚 race or the race of her classmates,鈥� Bischoff said. 鈥淔or far too long, Mississippi has flouted federal law by subjecting Black children to an education inferior to the education received by white children.鈥�

Though Mississippi鈥檚 obligation to operate a 鈥渦niform system of free public schools鈥� was enshrined in the education clause of its 1869 constitution, state lawmakers have diluted the clause many times.

The state also has a long history of underfunding education for Black students. A 2019 analysis by the determined that聽between 1890 and 1960, white students received over $25 billion more in education spending than Black students.

In 1952, prior to school desegregation, a state legislative committee concluded that 鈥渢he condition of Mississippi鈥檚 schools for [Black children] in rural areas is pathetic, and in some cases it is inexcusable.鈥� Hundreds of Black children, the report said, attended school in 鈥渦npainted, unheated and unlighted buildings that are not fit for human habitation and should have been condemned years ago. There are very few rural schools for [Black people] in Mississippi that have sanitary drinking water facilities or sanitary toilet facilities.鈥�

鈥業 want all schools to be equal鈥�

Almost 70 years after that legislative report, many Black children still attend schools that don鈥檛 offer opportunities equal to those afforded to white children in nearby districts.

Dorothy Haymer, another plaintiff in the lawsuit, once spent $100 of her own money to buy sanitary supplies that were lacking at Webster Elementary in the Yazoo City school district, which was taken over by the state last year. In addition to basic supplies such as toilet paper, the school also lacked textbooks, experienced teachers, sports and other extracurricular activities, and tutoring programs.

The state takeover followed an investigation by the finding that none of Mississippi鈥檚 school districts with more than 75 percent Black students was rated A or B on the state鈥檚 accountability rankings in 2018. The investigation also found that none of the districts with more than 75 percent white students was rated D or F.

鈥淚 want all schools to be equal,鈥� said Hughes, the mom who compared her children鈥檚 school to a jail. 鈥淚 want all schools to provide a good education. Everybody should have the same opportunity and the same chance as everybody else no matter what color or what area [they live in].鈥�

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