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Previously, verification was carried out at no cost to users in order to authenticate accounts belonging to public figures, news outlets, government agencies and reporters.

Between Nov. 9-11, however, users were able to sign up for a paid tier of the service 鈥� Twitter Blue 鈥� which for $7.99 per month would add to their profile a 鈥渂lue checkmark, just like the celebrities, companies and politicians you already follow.鈥� Twitter prevented new signups to Twitter Blue late on Nov. 11 after a rash of impersonator accounts, including one targeting Musk鈥檚 other company, Tesla, created an impression of chaos on the site.

The vast majority of Twitter users passed up this offer, and on 罢飞颈迟迟别谤鈥檚 internal discussions put the number of subscribers at just 140,000 of 罢飞颈迟迟别谤鈥檚 450 million active users signing up. But dozens of extremists acquired blue checks during the two-day window of availability.

Hatewatch鈥檚 investigation of extremists鈥� use of Twitter Blue, based in part on a 聽found that white nationalists, anti-人兽性交 extremists and other far-right individuals and groups now sport what was once a symbol of credibility on the platform.

The rush for blue checks is just one indication of Musk鈥檚 apparent lack of interest in policing hate speech on the social media platform he acquired for some $44 billion last month.

Hatewatch identified extremist blue-check accounts by consulting the list of paid accounts made by software developer Travis Brown and checking these against live Twitter accounts.

Brown has developed several tools for monitoring extremists online. He told Hatewatch in a telephone conversation that the latest version of the list shows accounts that have paid for blue checks ranked 鈥渂y their centrality in far-right Twitter networks,鈥� so that accounts with more connections with other far-right accounts receive a higher ranking in the list.

Using this method, Hatewatch found that many white nationalists, white power activists and others committed to racist political ideologies have paid for blue checks.

White nationalists with blue checks include fired Trump staffer and junk-news purveyor Darren Beattie; podcaster Henrik Palmgren; and聽Dave Reilly, who marched with the 鈥淯nite the Right鈥� protesters in Charlottesville, Virginia, in August 2017, and has used his fake-news site, the Idaho Tribune, to mobilize the far right against such events as the Coeur d鈥橝lene, Idaho, Pride Festival in June.

Another white nationalist account sporting a blue check was the one associated with Antelope Hill Publishing. In June, Hatewatch identified聽Vincent Cucchiara, Sarah Cucchiara and Dmitri Loutsik as three of the principals of the company, which is closely aligned with the pro-Hitler National Justice Party.

Other hard-right, 鈥淎merica First鈥� outlets that promote a range of far-right positions, including many shared with white nationalism, also purchased blue checks. They include Minnesotan blogger and former columnist John Gilmore, whose website concepts coined by far-right ideologues as 鈥渒eys to the zeitgeist,鈥� and whose Twitter timeline obsessively lights on themes associated with White nationalism.

Anti-人兽性交 propagandists also bought blue checks. They included Chaya Raichik, who started out her 鈥�Libs of TikTok鈥� activities by mobilizing followers against 人兽性交 users on the video-sharing site TikTok, and since has expanded into promoting anti-人兽性交 conspiracy theories, directing hostile attention at schoolteachers who allow classroom discussion of gender and sexuality, and highlighting hospitals that provide gender-affirming care.

Many of the individuals and organizations Raichik has targeted have subsequently been subject to threats. Raichik鈥檚 account was briefly suspended by pre-Musk Twitter moderators.

Other anti-人兽性交 activists who bought blue checks include traditional Catholic YouTuber Taylor Marshall, who once 聽that men decorating gingerbread houses were 鈥渆ffeminate,鈥� and the 鈥淯nWokable Podcast,鈥� which represents an anti-人兽性交 propaganda outlet by Oklahoman Mark Ousley.

Radical parents鈥� groups including Awake Illinois and Courage Is a Habit also took the opportunity to purchase some ersatz blue-tick legitimacy. Each is part of a wave of such parent groups that galvanize followers to attack members and allies of the 人兽性交 community, mask and vaccine mandates, and inclusive curriculum, such as critical race theory. The groups organize people radicalized by their hateful rhetoric to mount disruptive protests at school board meetings, advocate for book bans at school libraries and run for school board.

In July, Awake Illinois directed hostile attention at a Chicago bakery ahead of a child-friendly drag event. The bakery was subsequently vandalized, and Joseph I. Collins, 24, of Alsip, Illinois, 聽and charged over the incident. Collins is currently on trial for vandalism charges and a felony hate crime.

Courage Is a Habit was founded by Indiana-based and anti-人兽性交 activist Alvin Lui. Lui was previously associated with another radical parents鈥� group, Unify Carmel, which used common movement tactics in 聽disrupting school board meetings in an attempt to induce Indiana鈥檚 Carmel Clay School District to roll back diversity and inclusion measures and COVID-related mask mandates.

His efforts in 2021 were rewarded with from powerful conservative groups such as Heritage Action, the Heritage Foundation鈥檚 propaganda organ.

Other far-right extremists who bought blue checks include male supremacist , who has indicated his supported for the far-right Mormon fundamentalist 鈥淒eseret nationalist鈥� or 鈥溾�� movement; Alex Stein, a far-right Internet performer who specializes in video recordings of bigoted stunts; and anti-Muslim pro-Trump influencer Amy Mekelburg, who has spread hate on Twitter as since 2013.

Also, Richard Spencer, the onetime 鈥渁lt-right鈥� influencer, and Jason Kessler, organizer of the the 2017 鈥淯nite the Right鈥� rally in Charlottesville where Heather Heyer was murdered, each bought blue checks after being 聽of verification in November 2017.

Hatewatch contacted 罢飞颈迟迟别谤鈥檚 press office but received no response. Hatewatch also unsuccessfully attempted to contact Musk for a response.

Twitter introduced verification 鈥� and an indicative blue check on user profiles 鈥� in 2009 following several high-profile incidents in which celebrities were impersonated on the platform. The site was subsequently extended verification to journalists, news outlets, politicians and other public figures in an attempt to slow the spread of impersonation and misinformation on the platform.

Progressive activists have criticized Twitter for verifying such extremists as Kessler and Spencer, on the grounds that verification legitimizes their political advocacy. But the political right had also long made individual 鈥渂lue check鈥� users who had been verified by Twitter targets of their resentment and even harassment.

The political right associated 鈥渂lue check鈥� users with , journalists, 聽and other perceived enemy groups. This was connected with a 聽among conservatives and the far right that mainstream social media platforms that were biased against the right.

罢飞颈迟迟别谤鈥檚 聽published in late 2021 suggested that the platform had been amplifying more tweets from right-wing politicians and media outlets than those of their left-leaning counterparts.

Commentators and activists, meanwhile, have argued that Musk鈥檚 chaotically implemented changes to verification are pandering to the right鈥檚 resentment of the old verification system, and will turn the site into a 鈥�.鈥�

A Washington Post reporter was 聽for Massachusetts Democratic Sen. Ed Markey under the new verification regime last week, which led to a 聽on Twitter between Markey and Musk.

Photo illustration by 人兽性交